Providing Feedback and Monitoring Student Progress Essay

Teacher feedback is the essential and probably the critical element of student learning. We frequently refer to teacher feedback as the effective instrument of instructional change. However, why do we always forget that teacher feedback is integrally linked to student motivation? In reality, teacher feedback is an effective tool that drives student motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation may substantially improve when teachers do not simply score and grade students, but provide students with objective feedback and inform them about the progress they make during the learning process. At this point, it is important to look at teacher feedback through a different prism: we will distance ourselves from the traditional instructional paradigm, but will use the â€Å"learning paradigm, when after gathering information on the students’ learning process, the teacher reflects and gives his (her) views on what he (she) has observed back to the students† (Kwong, 2001). From the viewpoint of extrinsic motivation, teacher feedback serves an effective external factor that motivates students to learn. From the viewpoint of intrinsic motivation, the inner student desire to learn is increased when student needs are recognized, evaluated, and satisfied through teacher feedback. At least three different types of teacher feedback can be used to enhance student motivation in learning; these include informative feedback, grades, and task involvement. The concept of task involvement id described as â€Å"the concern to develop or demonstrate (primarily to oneself) high ability. It follows that when we are task-involved, we will attempt to learn if we see an opportunity to do so and, when doing so, will feel we are doing what we want to do† (Salili & Maehr, 1986). Task-involvement implies active and constant interaction between the teacher and student, where students feel responsibility for the learning outcomes, and where this responsibility increases student intrinsic motivation. If properly utilized, grades may also turn into effective force driving student motivation. Very often, grading is referred to as the instrument that negatively impacts students’ desire to learn (Salili & Maehr, 1986); that is why grading should be combined with informative teacher feedback. It is important that teachers do not use grades as a reward, but rather promote grades as the instrument reflecting student progress. Informative feedback may also be used separately, to inform students about their learning achievements, to inform students about additional learning opportunities and incentives, and to guarantee that students are able to use these opportunities and incentives to improve their achievements in learning. The concept of teacher feedback should be re-considered through a new â€Å"non-instructional prism†. The time has come to realize that objective teacher feedback combined with recognition and respect to students is a cost-effective factor driving student motivation at all stages of the learning process. Teacher feedback should be positive and objective. Teacher feedback should form the basis of continuous strategy, where students and teachers interact on equal terms, and all students have equal chances to succeed in learning.

Sociologist Karl Marx

A Brief Introduction Mr. Jeff Riddle April 29th, 2009 There are three major theories that depict how sociologists view the world. The theories are functionalist, conflict, and interaction theory. Each of these has its own viewpoints of how people affect society, and how society affects the people. Each theory has its own group of sociologist to go with it. The theory that a sociologist picks to back has an effect on how they do research and how they look at problems. Schaefer) The first theory is Structural Functional Theory, or functionalism. Functionalism is one of the oldest theories, and is still used today. In functionalism society is made up of different parts, and these parts work together to keep the society stable. Functionalism relies very much on the scientific method. By relying on the scientific method, the study of sociology can be observed in the same way one would view the physical world. (McClelland) In functionalism, change is said to happen when pressure is put on individuals by social structures.This is what is known as a macro theory. Macro theories work from the society downward, the society forces the people to change, not the people change society. The next theory is conflict theory. In opposition to functionalism, when society exists in a state of balance and stability, conflict theory says that society is better described as existing in a state of constant struggle and conflict between two groups. Conflict theory has been growing it popularity since the late 1960s.Many social and economical problems such as, civil rights movements, and political battles, have given prime examples of the conflict between the two groups, reinforcing conflict theory. Marx says there is a constant struggle between the haves, and the have-nots. In a capitalistic society, groups interact in a destructive way. (Schaefer) They do this by the more powerful group exploiting the lower group in order to become more powerful. This is what causes the unbalance in po wer. The next theory is Interactionist or Symbolic Interaction Perspective.This theory is different from the other two because instead of working from the society down in a macro prospective, it works from the individual up, in a micro prospective. Interactionists focus on the subject of human life at a personal level instead of at a social level. An interactionist wants to know what the person was feeling or how they were bothered by a particular situation. Society is made up of patterned and organized interactions on personal basis. Because of this the research done by interactionists can be done at a face-to-face level also instead of focusing on the group or groups within society. McClelland) All interactions and reactions between individuals shape the way society works. An interaction can be any contact; this includes all language and symbols. This is because interactionists want to understand each individual in society, because understanding the individuals will show you how t hey shape society in the end. (McClelland) In conclusion, these different theories give sociologist a basis to work from. They do play a major role in the way a sociologist conducts research, or gathers information in other ways.Not any of the three theories can be said to be correct in a whole, but sociologists can use all of them to better understand a situation and draw conclusions about it. The theories allow sociologists to develop different viewpoints and find the tendencies between them. References Berlin, Isaiah, and Alan Ryan. (1996). Karl Marx: His Life and Environment. New York: Oxford University Press. Schaefer, Richard T. (2008). Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy. (2008). Karl Marx. http://www. laspositascollege. edu/library/cited_APA_examples. php#anchorInternet

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

HR - Essay Example Today, as compared to earlier period, line managers are being held more responsible and accountable for numerous functions in HRD. Contemporary human resource literature shows how today’s line managers are assuming important role specifically in encouraging employee learning and development (Siugzdiniene, 2008). Although this assumption remains theoretical and less data exists on implementation procedure, the truth of the matter is that line managers’ role in HRD functions is increasingly becoming real and undisputed fact. Two unique features of the modern HRD approach exists that is: the devolution of HRD practices to line managers and the integration of HRD with the overall business strategy sometimes referred to as Strategic Human Resource Development-SHRD (Siugzdiniene 2008). The major role of SHRD has evolved to constitute the creation of strong linkages with the organizations strategic goals and establishment of learning environment coupled with structural design, which in turn is facilitated to promote learning with sole aim of improving organization’s performance (Siugzdiniene 2008). Further, SHRD involves integrating HRD functions with objectives of the business. The essence of devolving HRD functions and practices to line managers has evolved as one of the enabling element of SHRD system and the general conviction is that line managers possess the ability to drive HRD policies and practices (Siugzdiniene 2008). Starting in the early days of1990s, it became clear that the traditional role of human resource could not dictate the events of the future and therefore need arose to re-align human resource functions to the new emerging elements in the organization. Such new emerging elements included culture, behavior, motivation, and performance (Gratton 1999). Therefore, there was a gradual shift from human resource concentration on capital

The identification of pathological liars in the criminal justice Essay

The identification of pathological liars in the criminal justice system - Essay Example It is very important for the courts to determine whether a witness is telling the truth because he may make the courts sentence an innocent man. Therefore, detection of liars is of paramount significance in order to serve justice. It cannot be said with certainty whether pathological lying is really a disorder. There have been opposing views in this regard. This debate has some serious implications on the criminal law because if pathological lying is not a disorder and is deliberate, it should be punishable by law as far as witnesses are concerned. There is no reliable definition of pathological lying as yet but there is agreement in respect of certain core elements that constitute it. This concept was first described by a German physician, Anton Delbruck, who observed that some of his patients could not help themselves from telling such outrageous lies that he had to put them in a special category. These lies were later described by him as "pseu- dologia phantastica." (Dike, 2008) T he first step to determine whether a person is a pathological liar is to take a look at his history. The history of a pathological liar is full of lies that are told without any purpose. Normally, a lie is told in order to obtain a certain benefit or advantage. For pathological liars, telling lies is a disease and they tell them even if they provide no benefit to them. What makes this behaviour even more questionable is the fact that some lies play a role in incriminating their teller. This means that yet another feature of pathological lying is that lies are told without any regard to what their consequences might be. There are many real-life stories in which people have lost their jobs because of their pathological lying. Probably the biggest problem with a lie is that it needs many other subsequent lies for support. The people who have this problem do not only include the unfortunate; many successful people have also succumbed to this problem. Judge Patrick Couwenberg of Californ ia, for instance, was removed from his office because he lied both in his official capacity and while being under oath to speak the truth during the investigation of his behavior. He was later diagnosed with pseudologia phantastica (Dike, 2008). Being a judge is one of the most prestigious of statuses in the society. One who has achieved this status would never do anything to sabotage it in normal circumstances. Therefore, it was a curious situation that Judge Couwenberg deliberately compromised his position and, all things aside, damaged his reputation. His case makes a strong argument in favor of pathological lying being a mental disorder. Pathological liars are also known as compulsive liars or mythomaniacs. While detecting a pathological liar, there is a great danger of making a wrong diagnosis. However, there are a few very common symptoms of a pathological liar. Firstly, a pathological liar uses a lot of detail in his lie. He fears all the time that he might not be believed by others. This is why he uses a lot of extra information to supplement his lie. Secondly, pathological liars usually want to make their lives look better than they actually are. They feel that they are not being given the right amount of respect by others. Hence, they tell such lies that help them look important and more respectful. Thirdly, pathological liars are in a desperate need of attention. While some of them lie about how great their life is, others lie to make their liv

Concepts in Buddhist life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Concepts in Buddhist life - Essay Example We will inevitably have to endure physical suffering such as pain, sickness, injury, tiredness, old age, and eventually death; and we have to endure psychological suffering like sadness, fear, frustration, disappointment, and depression. It does not follow however that it would always be suffering. There are also positive experiences such as ease, comfort and happiness. The key to understanding life is that it is impermanent and that one must live it to the fullest even though it may be full of hardships because we only have such a short time in this world. The origin of suffering is attachment to transient things and the ignorance thereof. Transient things do not only include the physical objects that surround us, but also ideas, and -in a greater sense- all objects of our perception. Ignorance is the lack of understanding of how our mind is attached to impermanent things. The reasons for suffering are desire, passion, ardour, pursue of wealth and prestige, striving for fame and popularity, or in short: craving and clinging. Because the objects of our attachment are transient, their loss is inevitable, thus suffering will necessarily follow. Objects of attachment also include the idea of a "self" which is a delusion, because there is no abiding self. What we call "self" is just an imagined entity, and we are merely a part of the ceaseless becoming of the universe. The cessation of suffering can be attained through the unmaking of sensual craving and conceptual attachment or simply put, by attaining dispassion. All clinging and attchment must be extinguished. This means that suffering can be overcome through human activity, simply by removing the cause of suffering. This aspect of Buddhism lays out the ways to end suffering. It serves as a practical guideline to ethical and mental development with the goal of freeing the individual from attachments and delusions. It ultimately aims to enable the

Traffic_individual memo Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Traffic_individual memo - Article Example Moreover, the whole scandal which surrounded this project inevitably creates suspicion from the government and publicity on further city incentives. And so, new Boston projects on traffic management should take into account all the previous mistakes in order to be approved and financed. In the current situation, social responsibility and appropriate traffic priorities should be included into the city infrastructure project plans in the future. In fact, the current city projects on traffic management cause more problems than improvements. In spite of tunnel construction, Boston is still in top-10 cities with the worst traffic in America with the congestion score 14.7 evaluated by INRIX (Hess and Weigley). In this context, in 2012 MassDOT spent half a million dollars on construction projects (57). This means that the â€Å"Big Dig† incentive that needed so much money was unable to fix all the city traffic problems. Moreover, Annual Report (2013) of Boston’s Traffic Management Center signalized of 59 incidents on the roads in 2013 that were caused by construction and road works; it is almost every fourth traffic incident in Boston (3). And so, the construction works that are created in order to improve life of Boston’s dwellers in exchange of this cause them injures and inconveniences. In general, it is supposed that lessons obtained from â€Å"Big Dig† project failure show that governmental involvement in city projects is necessary in order to keep them off extra expenses (Fryer). However, the main problem of inadequate response to the social needs is usually seen in the lack of governmental connection with civil society. In this context, the incidents with a woman who died in 2006 because of the project flaws (Fryer) and several injured workers on the tunnel construction indicate of social responsibility that is significant for each project in the area of traffic management. Moreover, public disapproval on high

India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

India - Essay Example The modern and internet technology have opened up new marketplaces that allow us to conduct and promote businesses to new cultures and geographic locations (Vilanilam 39). In order to understand the importance of individual cultural values, beliefs and attitudes, this paper will discuss the about how India as a country communicates in business setting and leisure setting. India is a South Asian country and is the second-most populous country and the seventh-largest country by area. It is a multi-ethnic, multilingual, and pluralistic society. It is home to two major families of language: Indo-Aryan, which is spoken by about 74 percent of the country’s population, and Dravidian spoken by about 24 percent of the country’s population (Singh 12). It has no national language but Hindi, which is spoken, by the largest number of speakers is the official government language. English is extensively used in administration and business and has the â€Å"subsidiary official languag e† status, and it is an important medium of education in the country (Vilanilam 64). Indian culture is one of the richest and oldest and it spans over 4,500 years. Indian culture is founded on Hindu mythology, literature, and philosophy, as well as many practices and beliefs that still exist presently including moksa, karma, dharma, and yoga. India has religious diversity with major religions including Hinduism, Christianity, Jainism, Islam, and Sikhism. It is important to note that Hinduism is the predominant religion in the country. India is one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse places in the world; its diverse cultures are a product of numerous migration waves over thousands of years (Storti 27). Considering the ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic nature of the Indian society, it is important to understand the importance of individual cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes and how the country communicates in business setting and leisure setting. For com munication purposes, one should understand the hierarchical nature of the Indian society, which demands that the employer or the boss is recognized as the highest individual in authority within a business setting (Vilanilam 101). As such, one should aim at those in the highest authority position when establishing contacts because decisions are only made at that level. This may also be evidenced by the fact that subordinates may be reluctant in accepting responsibility during communication. In addition, one should understand that while communicating in business and leisure setting, establishment of relationships in the Indian society is very important (Singh 77). Often, in the Indian society friendship forms the basis for business and leisure activities. Indian people are often reluctant to do business with strangers and therefore it is important for one to establish relationships directly or indirectly by making contact through intermediaries before engaging in any meaningful busine ss or leisure interaction and activities. In business and even in leisure setting one should take plenty of time in building up trust before starting off. It is also important that one maintain harmony, and try as much as possible to avoid confrontation and conflict during discussions (Storti 95). While in business setting and leisure setting, one should consider other cultural aspects during communication. For example, while Indians appreciate punctuality, they

Families in Lebanon Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Families in Lebanon - Case Study Example There are three characters involved in this series and involves a mother, father and their son. The son is the protagonist and cuts the figure of an audacious yet respectful child. He is also technologically savvy and sounds educated. The mother is a housewife and can be described as strict and keen to neatness. She is relatively open-minded as regarding religion rules, and this is seen when she intervenes for his son during an argument between her husband and son concerning the issue of a girlfriend. The father, on the other hand, is portrayed as a strict and conservative parent. He is the head and provider of the family. In the discussion, the major areas of interest will be on the characteristics and the structure of the family (Arab) in Lebanon as depicted in the videos outlined earlier. The study will also focus on the responsibilities of each member of the family as necessitated by the society and in part, religion. A little more focus on the protagonist (the son) will also giv e a clearer picture of the youthful stage of the children and how their parents influence their way of life. The style of communication in Lebanese families is also worth a mention and thus the study will also touch on the topic. The discussion, however, starts with an overview of Lebanon in regard to its demographic, cultural and social background. There has not been ample survey to determine the actual population size of Lebanon in the recent years; the most recent census was held in 1932 (Rolland 65). However, sample studies conducted by The National Survey of Household Living Conditions in 2004-2005, estimated the population at 4.2 million people. The country’s ethnic make-up consists of about 95 percent Arabs (Lebanese) and with the rest of the population largely made up of the Armenians (Mahdi 117).  

Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

2 - Essay Example In 2009, the poverty rose to over fourteen percent, which was the highest since 1993. In 2008, the poverty rates reduced to about thirteen percent. Generally, since 1980s, the poverty rates in U.S have been higher compared to the other wealthy nations (Hefner 7). Currently, California has over twenty percent of the poverty rate, which is the largest in all the States of America. In 2009, the poverty rates were approaching the levels of 1960s, which prompted the war against the poverty in America. In2011, the poverty levels in children, reached record high levels with over sixteen millions of children living in poverty. In 2013, the UNICEF records showed that U.S was ranked second with the highest child poverty levels among the developed nations. As at January 2009, over six hundred thousand sheltered and unsheltered people were homeless in the nation. Close to two-thirds stayed in the transitional housing program, and the emergency shelter and there are three were waiting in the stre ets. In 2008, over one million people of the America’s population were using transitional or emergency housing program and in2009 there were about forty-four percent of the employed people who were homeless. The America’s poor population has a lot that they offer in the nation building. However, the poor have been neglected in many ways, and their recognition has been assumed on many occasions, they have an alt of wealth of ideas that can be of critical importance in the nations growth. According to the article â€Å"born poor and smart,† refers to the mother who was destitute but she had brain wealthy. The woman never did things that were done by the poor counterparts. The woman had self-believe her and never allowed anyone to demean her due to her social class. In another article by Matt Yglesias, it addresses the concern of the equality between the poor and the rich (Yglesias 23). It illustrates that the

American Idiot Essay Example for Free

American Idiot Essay The song that I chose to write about is titled American Idiot by Green Day. This song was on Green Day’s album titled American Idiot. This album was originally released in 2004. American Idiot, the song, peaked at number 61 on the Billboard Hot 100. My reason for choosing this song is that it talks about how the media runs society and how people shouldn’t let the media run their lives. The main social issue that is talked about in this song is how the media runs our lives and society. One of the lines in the song is â€Å"Don’t wanna be an American idiot, one nation controlled by the media. † This line refers to how people in America rely heavily on the media for everything. They trust every word that is printed in a newspaper or magazine or said on television without question. People hang on every word that is pumped through the media. I don’t consider this to be a personal problem because it refers to all people being controlled by the media. It is not as if the singer in the song is the only one that the media affects. Media is worldwide ways of letting people know what is going on around them. What Billy Joe Armstrong is saying throughout this song is that people need to realize is that not everything that a person hears is necessarily true and people should not panic just because of what the news says. Green Day is an American rock band that was formed in 1987. the group consists of three members: Billy Joe Armstrong(vocals), Tre` Cool(drums), and Mike Dirnt(bass). In 1988, they signed to Lookout Records and then in 1989 they released their first EP titled 1,000 Hours. However, the band didn’t have much success until it released the album Kerplunk in 1993. After Kerplunk’s success, Green Day proceeded to leave Lookout Records and sign with Reprise Records. In 1994, they released their first major label debut, Dookie. Over the next few years, Green Day would have much success but then decided to take a break in 1996. They returned in 1997. When they returned, they began to work on a new full-length album. This album was entitled Nimrod and was released in October of 1997. This album deviated from their normally pop-punk style of music and gave listeners a variety of music. They didn’t release another album until 2000 when they released Warning which further continued their new sound that they started with Nimrod. After releasing Warning, they were nominated for 8 awards in the California Music Awards. They won all eight awards. The band then continued their success over the next few years. In 2004 the band released American Idiot. And then in 2006 they won the Grammy for record of the year because of the track Boulevard of Broken Dreams which spent 16 weeks at the top of the charts. The lyrics to American Idiot are as follows: â€Å"Dont wanna be an American idiot. Dont want a nation under the new mania. And can you hear the sound of hysteria? The subliminal mindfuck America. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue. Well maybe Im the faggot America. Im not a part of a redneck agenda. Now everybody do the propaganda. And sing along in the age of paranoia. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue. Dont wanna be an American idiot. One nation controlled by the media. Information age of hysteria. Its calling out to idiot America. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue. †

Banking, Customer Satisfaction IDBI Bank Awareness

Banking, Customer Satisfaction IDBI Bank Awareness CHAPTER- I 1.1 Title of the study 1.2 Scope of the study 1.3 Objective of the study 1.4 Significance of study 1.5 Researcher methodology 1.1 Title of the study:- â€Å"A survey on banking products, customer satisfaction awareness of IDBI Bank† 1.2 Scope Importance of the Study Each and every project study along with its certain objectives also have scope for  future. And this scope in future gives to new researches a new need to research a  new project with a new scope. Scope of the study not only consist one or two future  business plan but sometime it also gives idea about a new business which becomes  much more profitable for the researches then the older one. Scope of the study could give the projected scenario for a new observed in my project  are not exactly having all the features of the scope which I described above but also  not lacking all the features. Research study could give an idea of network expansion for capturing more  market and customer with better services and lower cost, with out compromising  with quality. In future customer requirements could be added with the product and services for  getting an edge over competitors. Consumer behavior could also be used for the purpose of launching a new  product with extra benefits which are required by customers for their account  (saving or current ) and/or for their investments. Factors which are responsible for the performance for bank can also be used for  the modification of the strategy and product for being more profitable. 1.3 Objectives of the study:- To know the customer needs and expectations. To find out the factors which customer take into consideration in opening a account To know that up to what extent a customer is satisfied with the bank To know the customer complaints and their redressal 1.4 Significance of the study:- Every research is conducted to fulfill certain objectives and these objective in turn fulfill some purpose and are of significance for one or more then one party these research is significant for:- To the Researcher:- This study provides the researcher a practical insight of various activities and function of the bank The researcher will also be able to develop on in depth knowledge of banking sector The study is also required for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MBA as per the curriculum To the Bank:- The study would help IDBI Bank to know the customers attitude (about awareness and satisfaction level) towards its various products. 1.5 Research Methodology:- 1) Type of Research Research is descriptive in nature 2) Universe Customer of IDBI Bank in New Delhi 3) Sampling Unit Existing customer of IDBI Bank 4) Sampling Technique Convenience method of sampling was used 5) Sample Size 200 respondents 6) Data Type Primary secondary data PRIMARY DATA The Primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus  happen to be original in character. SECONDARY DATA The secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else  and which have already been passed through the statistical process. CHAPTER II 2.1 Industry Introduction 2.2 Introduction to IDBI bank: All about 2.3 Management Organization 2.4 IDBI bank business chart 2.5 IDBI bank organizational chart 2.6 Product Services 2.7 Subsidiaries of IDBI 2.8 Review of literature 2.1 Industry introduction The Indian Banking industry, which is governed by the Banking Regulation  Act of India, 1949 can be broadly classified into two major categories, non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks comprise  commercial banks and the co-operative banks. In terms of ownership,  commercial banks can be further grouped into nationalized banks, the State  Bank of India and its group banks, regional rural banks and private sector  banks (the old/ new domestic and foreign). These banks have over 67,000  branches spread across the country in every city and villages of all nook and  corners of the land. The first phase of financial reforms resulted in the nationalization of 14 major  banks in 1969 and resulted in a shift from Class banking to Mass banking. This in turn resulted in a significant growth in the geographical coverage of  banks. Every bank had to earmark a minimum percentage of their loan  portfolio to sectors identified as â€Å"priority sectors†. The manufacturing sector  also grew during the 1970s in protected environs and the banking sector was  a critical source. The next wave of reforms saw the nationalization of 6 more  commercial banks in 1980. Since then the number of scheduled commercial  banks increased four-fold and the foreign banks (numbering42), regional rural  banks and other scheduled commercial banks accounted for 5.7 percent, 3.9  percent and 12.2 percent respectively in deposits and 8.41 percent, 3.14  percent and number of bank branches increased eight-fold. And that was not  the limit of growth. After the second phase of financial sector reforms and liberalization of the  sector in the early nineties, the Public Sector Banks (PSB) s found it  extremely difficult to compete with the new private sector banks and the  foreign banks. The new private sector banks first made their appearance after  the guidelines permitting them were issued in January 1993. Eight new  private sector banks are presently in operation. These banks due to their late  start have access to state-of-the-art technology, which in turn helps them to  save on manpower costs. During the year 2000, the State Bank Of India (SBI) and its 7 associates  accounted for a 25 percent share in deposits and 28.1 percent share in credit. The 20 nationalized banks accounted for 53.2 percent of the deposits and 47.5  percent of credit during the same period. Current Scenario: The industry is currently in a transition phase. On the one hand, the PSBs,  which are the mainstay of the Indian Banking system are in the process of  shedding their flab in terms of excessive manpower, excessive non  Performing Assets (Npas) and excessive governmental equity, while on the  other hand the private sector banks are consolidating themselves through  mergers and acquisitions.   PSBs, which currently account for more than 78 percent of total banking  industry assets are saddled with NPAs (a mind-boggling Rs 830 billion in  2000), falling revenues from traditional sources, lack of modern technology  and a massive workforce while the new private sector banks are forging  ahead and rewriting the traditional banking business model by way of their  sheer innovation and service. The PSBs are of course currently working out  challenging strategies even as 20 percent of their massive employee strength  has dwindled in the wake of the successful Voluntary Retirement Schemes  (VRS) schemes. The private players however cannot match the PSBs great reach, great size  and access to low cost deposits. Therefore one of the means for them to  combat the PSBs has been through the merger and acquisition (M A) route. Over the last two years, the industry has witnessed several such instances. For instance, HDFC Banks merger with Times Bank Icici Banks acquisition  of ITC Classic, Anagram Finance and Bank of Madurai. Centurion Bank,  Indusind Bank, Bank of Punjab, Vysya Bank are said to be on the lookout. The  UTI bank- Global Trust Bank merger however opened a pandoras box and  brought about the realization that all was not well in the functioning of many  of the private sector banks. Private sector Banks have pioneered internet banking, phone banking,  anywhere banking, mobile banking, debit cards, Automatic Teller Machines  (ATMs) and combined various other services and integrated them into the  mainstream banking arena, while the PSBs are still grappling with disgruntled  employees in the aftermath of successful VRS schemes. Also, following  Indias commitment to the W To agreement in respect of the services sector,  foreign banks, including both new and the existing ones, have been permitted  to open up to 12 branches a year with effect from 1998-99 as against the  earlier stipulation of 8 branches. Tasks of government diluting their equity from 51 percent to 33 percent in  November 2000 has also opened up a new opportunity for the takeover of  even the PSBs. The FDI rules being more rationalized in Q1FY02 may also  pave the way for foreign banks taking the M A route to acquire willing Indian  partners. Meanwhile the economic and corporate sector slowdown has led to an  increasing number of banks focusing on the retail segment. Many of them are  also entering the new vistas of Insurance. Banks with their phenomenal reach  and a regular interface with the retail investor are the best placed to enter into  the insurance sector. Banks in India have been allowed to provide fee-based  insurance services without risk participation, invest in an insurance company  for providing infrastructure and services support and set up of a separate  joint- venture insurance company with risk participation. Aggregate Performance of the Banking Industry Aggregate deposits of scheduled commercial banks increased at a  compounded annual average growth rate (Cagr) of 17.8 percent during 1969-99, while bank credit expanded at a Cagr of 16.3 percent per annum. Banks  investments in government and other approved securities recorded a Cagr of  18.8 percent per annum during the same period. In FY01 the economic slowdown resulted in a Gross Domestic Product (GDP)  growth of only 6.0 percent as against the previous years 6.4 percent. The WPI  Index (a measure of inflation) increased by 7.1 percent as against 3.3 percent  in FY00. Similarly, money supply (M3) grew by around 16.2 percent as against 14.6  percent a year ago. The growth in aggregate deposits of the scheduled commercial banks at 15.4  percent in FY01 percent was lower than that of 19.3 percent in the previous  year, while the growth in credit by SCBs slowed down to 15.6 percent in FY01  against 23 percent a year ago. The industrial slowdown also affected the earnings of listed banks. The net  profits of 20 listed banks dropped by 34.43 percent in the quarter ended  March 2001. Net profits grew by 40.75 percent in the first quarter of 2000-2001, but dropped to 4.56 percent in the fourth quarter of 20002001. On the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) front while most banks managed to  fulfill the norms, it was a feat achieved with its own share of difficulties. The  CAR, which at present is 9.0 percent, is likely to be hiked to 12.0 percent by  the year 2004 based on the Basle Committee recommendations. Any bank  that wishes to grow its assets needs to also shore up its capital at the same  time so that its capital as a percentage of the risk-weighted assets is  maintained at the stipulated rate. While the IPO route was a much-fancied one  in the early ‘90s, the current scenario doesnt look too attractive for bank  majors. Consequently, banks have been forced to explore other avenues to shore up  their capital base. While some are wooing foreign partners to add to the  capital others are employing the M A route. Many are also going in for right  issues at prices considerably lower than the market prices to woo the  investors. Interest Rate Scene The two years, post the East Asian crises in 1997-98 saw a climb in the global  interest rates. It was only in the later half of FY01 that the US Fed cut interest  rates. India has however remained more or less insulated. The past 2 years in  our country was characterized by a mounting intention of the Reserve Bank  Of India (RBI) to steadily reduce interest rates resulting in a narrowing  differential between global and domestic rates. The RBI has been affecting bank rate and CRR cuts at regular intervals to  improve liquidity and reduce rates. The only exception was in July 2000 when  the RBI increased the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) to stem the fall in the rupee  against the dollar. The steady fall in the interest rates resulted in squeezed  margins for the banks in general. Governmental Policy: After the first phase and second phase of financial reforms, in the 1980s  commercial banks began to function in a highly regulated environment, with  administered interest rate structure, quantitative restrictions on credit flows,  high reserve requirements and reservation of a significant proportion of  lendable resources for the priority and the government sectors. The  restrictive regulatory norms led to the credit rationing for the private sector  and the interest rate controls led to the unproductive use of credit and low  levels of investment and growth. The resultant ‘financial repression led to  decline in productivity and efficiency and erosion of profitability of the  banking sector in general. This was when the need to develop a sound commercial banking system was  felt. This was worked out mainly with the help of the recommendations of the  Committee on the Financial System (Chairman: Shri M. Narasimham), 1991. The resultant financial sector reforms called for interest rate flexibility for  banks, reduction in reserve requirements, and a number of structural  measures. Interest rates have thus been steadily deregulated in the past few  years with banks being free to fix their Prime Lending Rates(PLRs) and  deposit rates for most banking products. Credit market reforms included  introduction of new instruments of credit, changes in the credit delivery  system and integration of functional roles of diverse players, such as, banks,  financial institutions and non-banking financial companies (Nbfcs). Domestic Private Sector Banks were allowed to be set up, PSBs were allowed  to access the markets to shore up their Cars. Implications Of Some Recent Policy Measures: The allowing of PSBs to shed manpower and dilution of equity are moves that  will lend greater autonomy to the industry. In order to lend more depth to the  capital markets the RBI had in November 2000 also changed the capital  market exposure norms from 5 percent of banks incremental deposits of the  previous year to 5 percent of the banks total domestic credit in the previous  year. But this move did not have the desired effect, as in, while most banks  kept away almost completely from the capital markets, a few private sector  banks went overboard and exceeded limits and indulged in dubious stock  market deals. The chances of seeing banks making a comeback to the stock  markets are therefore quite unlikely in the near future. The move to increase  Foreign Direct Investment FDI limits to 49 percent from 20 percent during the  first quarter of this fiscal came as a welcome announcement to foreign  players wanting to get a foot hold in the Indian Markets by in vesting in willing  Indian partners who are starved of net worth to meet CAR norms. Ceiling for  FII investment in companies was also increased from 24.0 percent to 49.0  percent and have been included within the ambit of FDI investment. IDBI bank: all about The economic development of any country depends on the extent to which its  financial system efficiently and effectively mobilizes and allocates resources. There are a number of banks and financial institutions that perform this  function; one of them is the development bank. Development banks are  unique financial institutions that perform the special task of fostering the  development of a nation, generally not undertaken by other banks. Development banks are financial agencies that provide medium-and long-term financial assistance and act as catalytic agents in promoting balanced  development of the country. They are engaged in promotion and development  of industry, agriculture, and other key sectors. They also provide  development services that can aid in the accelerated growth of an economy. The objectives of development banks are: To serve as an agent of development in various sectors, viz. industry,  agriculture, and international trade To accelerate the growth of the economy To allocate resources to high priority areas To foster rapid industrialization, particularly in the private sector,  so as to provide employment opportunities as well as higher production   To develop entrepreneurial skills To promote the development of rural areas To finance housing, small scale industries, infrastructure, and social  utilities. 2.2 Introduction to the Bank IDBI the tenth largest development bank in the world has promoted world class institutions in India. A few of such institution built by IDBI are the National Stock Holding Corp. (NSE), the National Securities Depository Services Ltd.( NSDL ) Stock Holding Corp. of India (SHICL) etc. IDBI is a strategic investor in a plethora of institutions, which have revolutionized the Indian Financial Markets. IDBI promoted IDBI BANK to mark the formal foray of the Idbi group into commercial Banking. Idbi Bank, which began with an equity capital base of Rs. 1000 million (Rs.800 million contribute by IDBI and Rs. 200 millions by SIDBI), commenced its first branch at Indore in November 1995. The birth of Idbi bank took place after RBI issued guidelines for entry of new private sector banks in January 93. Subsequently, IDBI as promoters sought permission to establish a commercial bank and retained KPMG a management consultant of international repute to prepare the principle approval to establish Idbi bank on February 11th 1994 thereafter the bank was incorporated at Gwalior under companies act on 15th September 1994 with its registered office at Indore. The Certificate of Commencement of Business was received on 2nd December 1994. Banks registered office is in Indore and Head Office in Mumbai. One of the reason for the growth of Indian banks like ICICI and IDBI is that they have been allowed freedom to open any no. of branches in a particular city or suburb. They have also been given the freedom to open ATMs unlike in both cases the foreign banks who have been restricted in both of these areas. 2.3 Management Organisation IDBI Bank is a Board-managed organisation. The responsibility for the day-to-day  management of operations of the Bank is vested with the Chairman Managing  Director and two Deputy Managing Directors, who draw upon the support and  expertise of a cross- disciplinary Top Management Team. As on March 31, 2008, IDBI  Bank had a combined employee base of 8989, including professionals from the fields  of accountancy, management, engineering, law, computer technology, banking and  economics. Mr. Yogesh Agarwal, Chairman Managing Director Mr. Jitender Balakrishnan, Mr. O.V. Bundellu, (Deputy Managing Director) (Deputy Managing Director) OTHER BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2.4 IDBI Bank business chart 2.5 IDBI bank organizational chart 2.6 Products Services Free services Following services are provided to every type of A/C holder in general- ATMs : Besides cash withdrawals, some of the important things that you can do through the International Debit cum ATM card are : Balance Enquiry Statement Request Cheque-book Request Mini statements Cheque and Cash Deposits International usage Make purchases at 51,000 merchant establishments in India and over 10 million worldwide. Fabulous discounts and great deals at various establishments Internet Banking: Internet Banking gives you the power to access your bank account from your Personal Computer. Some of the important features of Internet Banking are : Account Balance Inquiry Transaction tracking and history Cheque status inquiry Funds transfer facilities to Own-account or third-parties Cheque book Requests Stop payment Requests FD renewal Requests Phone Banking: Just pick up your phone and access your account. The following features are available through Phone Banking : Available round the clock 24*7*365 Current Balance Inquiry Last 5 transactions inquiry Statement by fax fax-back, fax to another number, fax to registerednumber, Statement by mail Cheque status enquiry Cheque book request Balance as of a particular date Mobile Banking: The unique feature is that this facility is available across all mobile service providers. Balance enquiry Details of Last three transactions Cheque payment status Cheque book request Statement request Other services Sunday Banking Some of our branches are also open on Sundays that gives you an opportunity to complete all your banking requirements at your convenience. Locker Our branches provide lockers facility at nominal charges Who can open Account? Resident Individuals, Minors, Hindu Undivided Family (HUF), Trusts, Associations, Clubs, Societies, Foreign National residing in India can open a/c. Documents required for Account Opening: Account opening form Latest passport size photograph Self cheque or cash deposit Copy of passport In the absence of passport copy, copy of one document each from List A and List B is required: List A Voters ID card * Defense services Id/ Government ID Driving License * PAN card Photo credit card List B Latest bank account/credit card statement Latest electricity/telephone/mobile phone bill Latest copy of LIC policy or insurance premium receipt Latest copy of NSC Letter from employer certifying current mailing address Latest house lease agreement SuperSavings Account An assortment of benefits, earnings and convenience. Be it happiness in life or more time for yourself, you have always desired more  of it. So why settle for less with your savings account? The SuperSavings Account is a complete financial package that provides you  with easy access to your money and complete banking convenience too. It  offers you a whole range of options for optimal management of your money. Which means, with SuperSavings Account you not only save your money but  also make it grow. So apart from the basic benefits of a savings account, we offer you options for  faster transfer of funds, options to pay your bills or tax online and options to  grow money at attractive interest rates in the savings account. All these  features are offered for a minimum balance of Rs 5,000. Please click on the  links given below to find out more about each of these features. The SuperSavings Account is a complete financial package that provides you  with easy access to your money and complete banking convenience too. It  offers you a whole range of options for optimal management of your money. Which means, with SuperSavings Account you not only save your money but  also make it grow. Roaming Current Account A Current account for every business No two businesses are the same, which is why IDBI Bank offersfive Roaming Current Accounts Gold to suit your business needs. Based on the balance you choose to maintain in the account,  you can then choose your specific Roaming Current Account accordingly. IDBI Bank Current Accounts not only gives you the flexibility of banking  anytime, anywhere, but also allows you to save more money while doing  business across the country. Roaming Current Account from IDBI Bank comes packed with a host of  services and facilities that makes your banking convenient and hassle-free. With services such as multi-city and multi-branch banking, electronic funds   transfers, national clearing in selected cities, 247 cash withdrawals from  ATMs, Internet Banking, Phone Banking and SMS Banking, you are assured  of faster remittances and collection of funds at competitive rates. Whats  more, extended IDBI Banking hours and Sunday Banking, all this to simplify  banking for you! Features:- Make payments to your vendors in different cities without any costs. Receive payments form your customers without any charge deducted from the  amount Do all your banking right from where you are or wherever you travel Most importantly, maintain better relations with your vendors and customers. All this, only with the IDBI Bank RoamingCurrent Account. You can open a Current Account (Basic RoamingCurrent Account)with only  Rs 10,000. Keep in mind, you will have to maintain an average quarterly  balance of Rs 10,000. But this is nothing compared to a host of services and  facilities that will make your current account work more effectively and  efficiently. Open Current Accounts Following can open current A/c: Sole Proprietorship Firm Partnership firm Private and Public Limited Companies Hindu Undivided Family Trusts Societies, Clubs Associations Documents required for account opening: Sole Proprietorship Account opening form Signed declaration in the Account Opening form Passport Copy or Self-cheque along with a copy of (any one) >> Voter ID card >> Defence Id/Govt ID >> Driving License >> PAN card >> Photo credit card In addition the following forms are required Proof of existence of sole proprietorship firm (any one) >> Electricity/Telephone bill for the sole proprietorship firm >> Shop and Establishment certificate >> Proof of PAN /GIR No or Form 60 (only for cash deposits) >> Latest passport sized photograph of the sole proprietor If the address mentioned in any of the above documents is different from that stated in the account opening form, kindly submit any one of the following to confirm the present address >> Ration card >> gas connection receipt >> latest telephone bill >> latest electricity bill Partnership firm Account opening form Signed declaration in the Account Opening form Passport copies of all partners or Self-cheque along with a copy of (any one) >> Voter ID card >> Defence Id/Govt ID >> Driving License >> PAN card >> Photo credit card In addition the following forms are required Proof of existence of partnership firm (any one) >> Shop and Establishment certificate >> Copy of registration certificate >> Copy of partnership deed >> Letter of consent signed by all partners (as per banks format) Private Limited and Public Limited Companies Account opening form Copy of certificate of incorporation Names and latest passport sized photographs of the authorized signatories Certified true copy of memorandum and articles of association Certified true copy of commencement of business PAN /GIR No details or Form 60 Names, addresses of directors of the companies Certified true copy of board resolution Hindu Undivided Family Account opening form Signed declaration by Karta and Co-parcenors in the Account opening Form Names and signatures addresses of Karta and co-parcenors Names, signatures and latest passport sized photographs of authorized signatories PAN /GIR No details or Form 60 Trusts Account opening form Copy of Trust Deed Copy of the resolution of the Trustees Copy of registration certificate Names and latest passport size photographs of the authorized signatories Names, addresses of the trustees Clubs/Societies and Associations Names and signatures and latest passport sized photographs of authorized signatories Copy of rules and by-laws Copy of the resolution of members for account operation Copy of registration certificate Account Opening Form Idbi banks Business Special Current account gives a host of free services and facilities that ensure optimal utilization of funds, higher liquidity and cost savings. At he same time you dont have to keep a higher minimum balance. You need to keep an Average quarterly balance of Rs. 50,000 only to avail the free services Business Premium Bronze (Rs. 1 lac-AQB) Type of Accounts: Bronze Average Quarterly Balance (AQB):1lac Free funds transfers (per month) Cheque payable locally (in over 65 idbi bank locations) :1.5 cr Demand Draft per day (on over 65 idbi bank locations) :10 lack Demand Draft (on over 300 non-idbi bank locations) :chargeable Electronic Funds Transfers :1.5 cr Pay Orders : un limited Free cheque collection (per month) Outstation cheque collection (on idbi bank locations) :50 lac Daily cheque pick-up from your establishment* :Yes Free Inter-branch banking Any branch cash withdrawal (per day) : 1lac Any branch cash deposit (per day) : Rs 20,000 Total limit for Free transactions (per day) : 6.86 cr Cost saving to the customer per year : 16 lac Also available Basic Current Account (AQB of Rs 10,000). you get monthly statement of account, certificate of balance, seep-in from FD and Net, Phone and Mobile banking facilities all FREE Business Premium Silver (Rs. 3 lacks -AQB) Types of Accounts: Silver Ø Average Quarterly Balance (AQB):3lac Banking, Customer Satisfaction IDBI Bank Awareness Banking, Customer Satisfaction IDBI Bank Awareness CHAPTER- I 1.1 Title of the study 1.2 Scope of the study 1.3 Objective of the study 1.4 Significance of study 1.5 Researcher methodology 1.1 Title of the study:- â€Å"A survey on banking products, customer satisfaction awareness of IDBI Bank† 1.2 Scope Importance of the Study Each and every project study along with its certain objectives also have scope for  future. And this scope in future gives to new researches a new need to research a  new project with a new scope. Scope of the study not only consist one or two future  business plan but sometime it also gives idea about a new business which becomes  much more profitable for the researches then the older one. Scope of the study could give the projected scenario for a new observed in my project  are not exactly having all the features of the scope which I described above but also  not lacking all the features. Research study could give an idea of network expansion for capturing more  market and customer with better services and lower cost, with out compromising  with quality. In future customer requirements could be added with the product and services for  getting an edge over competitors. Consumer behavior could also be used for the purpose of launching a new  product with extra benefits which are required by customers for their account  (saving or current ) and/or for their investments. Factors which are responsible for the performance for bank can also be used for  the modification of the strategy and product for being more profitable. 1.3 Objectives of the study:- To know the customer needs and expectations. To find out the factors which customer take into consideration in opening a account To know that up to what extent a customer is satisfied with the bank To know the customer complaints and their redressal 1.4 Significance of the study:- Every research is conducted to fulfill certain objectives and these objective in turn fulfill some purpose and are of significance for one or more then one party these research is significant for:- To the Researcher:- This study provides the researcher a practical insight of various activities and function of the bank The researcher will also be able to develop on in depth knowledge of banking sector The study is also required for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MBA as per the curriculum To the Bank:- The study would help IDBI Bank to know the customers attitude (about awareness and satisfaction level) towards its various products. 1.5 Research Methodology:- 1) Type of Research Research is descriptive in nature 2) Universe Customer of IDBI Bank in New Delhi 3) Sampling Unit Existing customer of IDBI Bank 4) Sampling Technique Convenience method of sampling was used 5) Sample Size 200 respondents 6) Data Type Primary secondary data PRIMARY DATA The Primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus  happen to be original in character. SECONDARY DATA The secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else  and which have already been passed through the statistical process. CHAPTER II 2.1 Industry Introduction 2.2 Introduction to IDBI bank: All about 2.3 Management Organization 2.4 IDBI bank business chart 2.5 IDBI bank organizational chart 2.6 Product Services 2.7 Subsidiaries of IDBI 2.8 Review of literature 2.1 Industry introduction The Indian Banking industry, which is governed by the Banking Regulation  Act of India, 1949 can be broadly classified into two major categories, non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks comprise  commercial banks and the co-operative banks. In terms of ownership,  commercial banks can be further grouped into nationalized banks, the State  Bank of India and its group banks, regional rural banks and private sector  banks (the old/ new domestic and foreign). These banks have over 67,000  branches spread across the country in every city and villages of all nook and  corners of the land. The first phase of financial reforms resulted in the nationalization of 14 major  banks in 1969 and resulted in a shift from Class banking to Mass banking. This in turn resulted in a significant growth in the geographical coverage of  banks. Every bank had to earmark a minimum percentage of their loan  portfolio to sectors identified as â€Å"priority sectors†. The manufacturing sector  also grew during the 1970s in protected environs and the banking sector was  a critical source. The next wave of reforms saw the nationalization of 6 more  commercial banks in 1980. Since then the number of scheduled commercial  banks increased four-fold and the foreign banks (numbering42), regional rural  banks and other scheduled commercial banks accounted for 5.7 percent, 3.9  percent and 12.2 percent respectively in deposits and 8.41 percent, 3.14  percent and number of bank branches increased eight-fold. And that was not  the limit of growth. After the second phase of financial sector reforms and liberalization of the  sector in the early nineties, the Public Sector Banks (PSB) s found it  extremely difficult to compete with the new private sector banks and the  foreign banks. The new private sector banks first made their appearance after  the guidelines permitting them were issued in January 1993. Eight new  private sector banks are presently in operation. These banks due to their late  start have access to state-of-the-art technology, which in turn helps them to  save on manpower costs. During the year 2000, the State Bank Of India (SBI) and its 7 associates  accounted for a 25 percent share in deposits and 28.1 percent share in credit. The 20 nationalized banks accounted for 53.2 percent of the deposits and 47.5  percent of credit during the same period. Current Scenario: The industry is currently in a transition phase. On the one hand, the PSBs,  which are the mainstay of the Indian Banking system are in the process of  shedding their flab in terms of excessive manpower, excessive non  Performing Assets (Npas) and excessive governmental equity, while on the  other hand the private sector banks are consolidating themselves through  mergers and acquisitions.   PSBs, which currently account for more than 78 percent of total banking  industry assets are saddled with NPAs (a mind-boggling Rs 830 billion in  2000), falling revenues from traditional sources, lack of modern technology  and a massive workforce while the new private sector banks are forging  ahead and rewriting the traditional banking business model by way of their  sheer innovation and service. The PSBs are of course currently working out  challenging strategies even as 20 percent of their massive employee strength  has dwindled in the wake of the successful Voluntary Retirement Schemes  (VRS) schemes. The private players however cannot match the PSBs great reach, great size  and access to low cost deposits. Therefore one of the means for them to  combat the PSBs has been through the merger and acquisition (M A) route. Over the last two years, the industry has witnessed several such instances. For instance, HDFC Banks merger with Times Bank Icici Banks acquisition  of ITC Classic, Anagram Finance and Bank of Madurai. Centurion Bank,  Indusind Bank, Bank of Punjab, Vysya Bank are said to be on the lookout. The  UTI bank- Global Trust Bank merger however opened a pandoras box and  brought about the realization that all was not well in the functioning of many  of the private sector banks. Private sector Banks have pioneered internet banking, phone banking,  anywhere banking, mobile banking, debit cards, Automatic Teller Machines  (ATMs) and combined various other services and integrated them into the  mainstream banking arena, while the PSBs are still grappling with disgruntled  employees in the aftermath of successful VRS schemes. Also, following  Indias commitment to the W To agreement in respect of the services sector,  foreign banks, including both new and the existing ones, have been permitted  to open up to 12 branches a year with effect from 1998-99 as against the  earlier stipulation of 8 branches. Tasks of government diluting their equity from 51 percent to 33 percent in  November 2000 has also opened up a new opportunity for the takeover of  even the PSBs. The FDI rules being more rationalized in Q1FY02 may also  pave the way for foreign banks taking the M A route to acquire willing Indian  partners. Meanwhile the economic and corporate sector slowdown has led to an  increasing number of banks focusing on the retail segment. Many of them are  also entering the new vistas of Insurance. Banks with their phenomenal reach  and a regular interface with the retail investor are the best placed to enter into  the insurance sector. Banks in India have been allowed to provide fee-based  insurance services without risk participation, invest in an insurance company  for providing infrastructure and services support and set up of a separate  joint- venture insurance company with risk participation. Aggregate Performance of the Banking Industry Aggregate deposits of scheduled commercial banks increased at a  compounded annual average growth rate (Cagr) of 17.8 percent during 1969-99, while bank credit expanded at a Cagr of 16.3 percent per annum. Banks  investments in government and other approved securities recorded a Cagr of  18.8 percent per annum during the same period. In FY01 the economic slowdown resulted in a Gross Domestic Product (GDP)  growth of only 6.0 percent as against the previous years 6.4 percent. The WPI  Index (a measure of inflation) increased by 7.1 percent as against 3.3 percent  in FY00. Similarly, money supply (M3) grew by around 16.2 percent as against 14.6  percent a year ago. The growth in aggregate deposits of the scheduled commercial banks at 15.4  percent in FY01 percent was lower than that of 19.3 percent in the previous  year, while the growth in credit by SCBs slowed down to 15.6 percent in FY01  against 23 percent a year ago. The industrial slowdown also affected the earnings of listed banks. The net  profits of 20 listed banks dropped by 34.43 percent in the quarter ended  March 2001. Net profits grew by 40.75 percent in the first quarter of 2000-2001, but dropped to 4.56 percent in the fourth quarter of 20002001. On the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) front while most banks managed to  fulfill the norms, it was a feat achieved with its own share of difficulties. The  CAR, which at present is 9.0 percent, is likely to be hiked to 12.0 percent by  the year 2004 based on the Basle Committee recommendations. Any bank  that wishes to grow its assets needs to also shore up its capital at the same  time so that its capital as a percentage of the risk-weighted assets is  maintained at the stipulated rate. While the IPO route was a much-fancied one  in the early ‘90s, the current scenario doesnt look too attractive for bank  majors. Consequently, banks have been forced to explore other avenues to shore up  their capital base. While some are wooing foreign partners to add to the  capital others are employing the M A route. Many are also going in for right  issues at prices considerably lower than the market prices to woo the  investors. Interest Rate Scene The two years, post the East Asian crises in 1997-98 saw a climb in the global  interest rates. It was only in the later half of FY01 that the US Fed cut interest  rates. India has however remained more or less insulated. The past 2 years in  our country was characterized by a mounting intention of the Reserve Bank  Of India (RBI) to steadily reduce interest rates resulting in a narrowing  differential between global and domestic rates. The RBI has been affecting bank rate and CRR cuts at regular intervals to  improve liquidity and reduce rates. The only exception was in July 2000 when  the RBI increased the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) to stem the fall in the rupee  against the dollar. The steady fall in the interest rates resulted in squeezed  margins for the banks in general. Governmental Policy: After the first phase and second phase of financial reforms, in the 1980s  commercial banks began to function in a highly regulated environment, with  administered interest rate structure, quantitative restrictions on credit flows,  high reserve requirements and reservation of a significant proportion of  lendable resources for the priority and the government sectors. The  restrictive regulatory norms led to the credit rationing for the private sector  and the interest rate controls led to the unproductive use of credit and low  levels of investment and growth. The resultant ‘financial repression led to  decline in productivity and efficiency and erosion of profitability of the  banking sector in general. This was when the need to develop a sound commercial banking system was  felt. This was worked out mainly with the help of the recommendations of the  Committee on the Financial System (Chairman: Shri M. Narasimham), 1991. The resultant financial sector reforms called for interest rate flexibility for  banks, reduction in reserve requirements, and a number of structural  measures. Interest rates have thus been steadily deregulated in the past few  years with banks being free to fix their Prime Lending Rates(PLRs) and  deposit rates for most banking products. Credit market reforms included  introduction of new instruments of credit, changes in the credit delivery  system and integration of functional roles of diverse players, such as, banks,  financial institutions and non-banking financial companies (Nbfcs). Domestic Private Sector Banks were allowed to be set up, PSBs were allowed  to access the markets to shore up their Cars. Implications Of Some Recent Policy Measures: The allowing of PSBs to shed manpower and dilution of equity are moves that  will lend greater autonomy to the industry. In order to lend more depth to the  capital markets the RBI had in November 2000 also changed the capital  market exposure norms from 5 percent of banks incremental deposits of the  previous year to 5 percent of the banks total domestic credit in the previous  year. But this move did not have the desired effect, as in, while most banks  kept away almost completely from the capital markets, a few private sector  banks went overboard and exceeded limits and indulged in dubious stock  market deals. The chances of seeing banks making a comeback to the stock  markets are therefore quite unlikely in the near future. The move to increase  Foreign Direct Investment FDI limits to 49 percent from 20 percent during the  first quarter of this fiscal came as a welcome announcement to foreign  players wanting to get a foot hold in the Indian Markets by in vesting in willing  Indian partners who are starved of net worth to meet CAR norms. Ceiling for  FII investment in companies was also increased from 24.0 percent to 49.0  percent and have been included within the ambit of FDI investment. IDBI bank: all about The economic development of any country depends on the extent to which its  financial system efficiently and effectively mobilizes and allocates resources. There are a number of banks and financial institutions that perform this  function; one of them is the development bank. Development banks are  unique financial institutions that perform the special task of fostering the  development of a nation, generally not undertaken by other banks. Development banks are financial agencies that provide medium-and long-term financial assistance and act as catalytic agents in promoting balanced  development of the country. They are engaged in promotion and development  of industry, agriculture, and other key sectors. They also provide  development services that can aid in the accelerated growth of an economy. The objectives of development banks are: To serve as an agent of development in various sectors, viz. industry,  agriculture, and international trade To accelerate the growth of the economy To allocate resources to high priority areas To foster rapid industrialization, particularly in the private sector,  so as to provide employment opportunities as well as higher production   To develop entrepreneurial skills To promote the development of rural areas To finance housing, small scale industries, infrastructure, and social  utilities. 2.2 Introduction to the Bank IDBI the tenth largest development bank in the world has promoted world class institutions in India. A few of such institution built by IDBI are the National Stock Holding Corp. (NSE), the National Securities Depository Services Ltd.( NSDL ) Stock Holding Corp. of India (SHICL) etc. IDBI is a strategic investor in a plethora of institutions, which have revolutionized the Indian Financial Markets. IDBI promoted IDBI BANK to mark the formal foray of the Idbi group into commercial Banking. Idbi Bank, which began with an equity capital base of Rs. 1000 million (Rs.800 million contribute by IDBI and Rs. 200 millions by SIDBI), commenced its first branch at Indore in November 1995. The birth of Idbi bank took place after RBI issued guidelines for entry of new private sector banks in January 93. Subsequently, IDBI as promoters sought permission to establish a commercial bank and retained KPMG a management consultant of international repute to prepare the principle approval to establish Idbi bank on February 11th 1994 thereafter the bank was incorporated at Gwalior under companies act on 15th September 1994 with its registered office at Indore. The Certificate of Commencement of Business was received on 2nd December 1994. Banks registered office is in Indore and Head Office in Mumbai. One of the reason for the growth of Indian banks like ICICI and IDBI is that they have been allowed freedom to open any no. of branches in a particular city or suburb. They have also been given the freedom to open ATMs unlike in both cases the foreign banks who have been restricted in both of these areas. 2.3 Management Organisation IDBI Bank is a Board-managed organisation. The responsibility for the day-to-day  management of operations of the Bank is vested with the Chairman Managing  Director and two Deputy Managing Directors, who draw upon the support and  expertise of a cross- disciplinary Top Management Team. As on March 31, 2008, IDBI  Bank had a combined employee base of 8989, including professionals from the fields  of accountancy, management, engineering, law, computer technology, banking and  economics. Mr. Yogesh Agarwal, Chairman Managing Director Mr. Jitender Balakrishnan, Mr. O.V. Bundellu, (Deputy Managing Director) (Deputy Managing Director) OTHER BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2.4 IDBI Bank business chart 2.5 IDBI bank organizational chart 2.6 Products Services Free services Following services are provided to every type of A/C holder in general- ATMs : Besides cash withdrawals, some of the important things that you can do through the International Debit cum ATM card are : Balance Enquiry Statement Request Cheque-book Request Mini statements Cheque and Cash Deposits International usage Make purchases at 51,000 merchant establishments in India and over 10 million worldwide. Fabulous discounts and great deals at various establishments Internet Banking: Internet Banking gives you the power to access your bank account from your Personal Computer. Some of the important features of Internet Banking are : Account Balance Inquiry Transaction tracking and history Cheque status inquiry Funds transfer facilities to Own-account or third-parties Cheque book Requests Stop payment Requests FD renewal Requests Phone Banking: Just pick up your phone and access your account. The following features are available through Phone Banking : Available round the clock 24*7*365 Current Balance Inquiry Last 5 transactions inquiry Statement by fax fax-back, fax to another number, fax to registerednumber, Statement by mail Cheque status enquiry Cheque book request Balance as of a particular date Mobile Banking: The unique feature is that this facility is available across all mobile service providers. Balance enquiry Details of Last three transactions Cheque payment status Cheque book request Statement request Other services Sunday Banking Some of our branches are also open on Sundays that gives you an opportunity to complete all your banking requirements at your convenience. Locker Our branches provide lockers facility at nominal charges Who can open Account? Resident Individuals, Minors, Hindu Undivided Family (HUF), Trusts, Associations, Clubs, Societies, Foreign National residing in India can open a/c. Documents required for Account Opening: Account opening form Latest passport size photograph Self cheque or cash deposit Copy of passport In the absence of passport copy, copy of one document each from List A and List B is required: List A Voters ID card * Defense services Id/ Government ID Driving License * PAN card Photo credit card List B Latest bank account/credit card statement Latest electricity/telephone/mobile phone bill Latest copy of LIC policy or insurance premium receipt Latest copy of NSC Letter from employer certifying current mailing address Latest house lease agreement SuperSavings Account An assortment of benefits, earnings and convenience. Be it happiness in life or more time for yourself, you have always desired more  of it. So why settle for less with your savings account? The SuperSavings Account is a complete financial package that provides you  with easy access to your money and complete banking convenience too. It  offers you a whole range of options for optimal management of your money. Which means, with SuperSavings Account you not only save your money but  also make it grow. So apart from the basic benefits of a savings account, we offer you options for  faster transfer of funds, options to pay your bills or tax online and options to  grow money at attractive interest rates in the savings account. All these  features are offered for a minimum balance of Rs 5,000. Please click on the  links given below to find out more about each of these features. The SuperSavings Account is a complete financial package that provides you  with easy access to your money and complete banking convenience too. It  offers you a whole range of options for optimal management of your money. Which means, with SuperSavings Account you not only save your money but  also make it grow. Roaming Current Account A Current account for every business No two businesses are the same, which is why IDBI Bank offersfive Roaming Current Accounts Gold to suit your business needs. Based on the balance you choose to maintain in the account,  you can then choose your specific Roaming Current Account accordingly. IDBI Bank Current Accounts not only gives you the flexibility of banking  anytime, anywhere, but also allows you to save more money while doing  business across the country. Roaming Current Account from IDBI Bank comes packed with a host of  services and facilities that makes your banking convenient and hassle-free. With services such as multi-city and multi-branch banking, electronic funds   transfers, national clearing in selected cities, 247 cash withdrawals from  ATMs, Internet Banking, Phone Banking and SMS Banking, you are assured  of faster remittances and collection of funds at competitive rates. Whats  more, extended IDBI Banking hours and Sunday Banking, all this to simplify  banking for you! Features:- Make payments to your vendors in different cities without any costs. Receive payments form your customers without any charge deducted from the  amount Do all your banking right from where you are or wherever you travel Most importantly, maintain better relations with your vendors and customers. All this, only with the IDBI Bank RoamingCurrent Account. You can open a Current Account (Basic RoamingCurrent Account)with only  Rs 10,000. Keep in mind, you will have to maintain an average quarterly  balance of Rs 10,000. But this is nothing compared to a host of services and  facilities that will make your current account work more effectively and  efficiently. Open Current Accounts Following can open current A/c: Sole Proprietorship Firm Partnership firm Private and Public Limited Companies Hindu Undivided Family Trusts Societies, Clubs Associations Documents required for account opening: Sole Proprietorship Account opening form Signed declaration in the Account Opening form Passport Copy or Self-cheque along with a copy of (any one) >> Voter ID card >> Defence Id/Govt ID >> Driving License >> PAN card >> Photo credit card In addition the following forms are required Proof of existence of sole proprietorship firm (any one) >> Electricity/Telephone bill for the sole proprietorship firm >> Shop and Establishment certificate >> Proof of PAN /GIR No or Form 60 (only for cash deposits) >> Latest passport sized photograph of the sole proprietor If the address mentioned in any of the above documents is different from that stated in the account opening form, kindly submit any one of the following to confirm the present address >> Ration card >> gas connection receipt >> latest telephone bill >> latest electricity bill Partnership firm Account opening form Signed declaration in the Account Opening form Passport copies of all partners or Self-cheque along with a copy of (any one) >> Voter ID card >> Defence Id/Govt ID >> Driving License >> PAN card >> Photo credit card In addition the following forms are required Proof of existence of partnership firm (any one) >> Shop and Establishment certificate >> Copy of registration certificate >> Copy of partnership deed >> Letter of consent signed by all partners (as per banks format) Private Limited and Public Limited Companies Account opening form Copy of certificate of incorporation Names and latest passport sized photographs of the authorized signatories Certified true copy of memorandum and articles of association Certified true copy of commencement of business PAN /GIR No details or Form 60 Names, addresses of directors of the companies Certified true copy of board resolution Hindu Undivided Family Account opening form Signed declaration by Karta and Co-parcenors in the Account opening Form Names and signatures addresses of Karta and co-parcenors Names, signatures and latest passport sized photographs of authorized signatories PAN /GIR No details or Form 60 Trusts Account opening form Copy of Trust Deed Copy of the resolution of the Trustees Copy of registration certificate Names and latest passport size photographs of the authorized signatories Names, addresses of the trustees Clubs/Societies and Associations Names and signatures and latest passport sized photographs of authorized signatories Copy of rules and by-laws Copy of the resolution of members for account operation Copy of registration certificate Account Opening Form Idbi banks Business Special Current account gives a host of free services and facilities that ensure optimal utilization of funds, higher liquidity and cost savings. At he same time you dont have to keep a higher minimum balance. You need to keep an Average quarterly balance of Rs. 50,000 only to avail the free services Business Premium Bronze (Rs. 1 lac-AQB) Type of Accounts: Bronze Average Quarterly Balance (AQB):1lac Free funds transfers (per month) Cheque payable locally (in over 65 idbi bank locations) :1.5 cr Demand Draft per day (on over 65 idbi bank locations) :10 lack Demand Draft (on over 300 non-idbi bank locations) :chargeable Electronic Funds Transfers :1.5 cr Pay Orders : un limited Free cheque collection (per month) Outstation cheque collection (on idbi bank locations) :50 lac Daily cheque pick-up from your establishment* :Yes Free Inter-branch banking Any branch cash withdrawal (per day) : 1lac Any branch cash deposit (per day) : Rs 20,000 Total limit for Free transactions (per day) : 6.86 cr Cost saving to the customer per year : 16 lac Also available Basic Current Account (AQB of Rs 10,000). you get monthly statement of account, certificate of balance, seep-in from FD and Net, Phone and Mobile banking facilities all FREE Business Premium Silver (Rs. 3 lacks -AQB) Types of Accounts: Silver Ø Average Quarterly Balance (AQB):3lac

Animal Experimentation is Necessary Essay -- Argumentative, Synthesis

     Ã‚   A contingent of those against the dog labs at the university protested last month, waving signs that read, "Kill? Heal? What's It Gonna Be?" and "The U Kills Dogs."   A fairly recent article in the Washington Post ("A Terminal Learning Environment"; Nov.   5, 2000) manages to move beyond the emotion and sloganeering used by these protesters to some of the real arguments of those in opposition; that the dog labs are "cruel, unnecessary and a waste of money" and that they "should be eliminated."1  Ã‚   However, the arguments used by the Washington Post (and ultimately, those in opposition) are insufficient to justify the termination of the dog labs at university.   The claim that the dog labs are cruel to the animals is unsubstantiated and inaccurate.   The claim that the labs are unnecessary is a falsity, as alternatives are not as beneficial as the vivisection labs.   Finally, the argument that the labs are a waste of money is an ill-researched, erroneous depicti on of the real circumstances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dog labs are held annually at the University, on five consecutive Fridays in the early spring.   In the lab, students insert catheters, draw blood, inject drugs, perform minor surgery and observe the cardiovascular systems of seventy-two deeply anesthetized dogs.   At the end of the lab, the dogs are euthanized.   The purposes of this lab are to help teach the basic concepts of physiology, give students the opportunity to observe the effects of some commonly used drugs, and to provide students with a "hands-on" experience working with live patients.   Students are given the option of not participating, but are still responsible for learning the material presented in the lab.   This year, thirty students (out of one hundred and thirty-t... ...as cost-efficient as the labs themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the present time, the arguments used by the Washington Post do not justify the termination of the vivisection labs at the University, as they can be refuted point by point.   If at some time in the future, an alternative method that serves the purpose of teaching human physiology while providing hands on experience for students becomes available, and proves to be better than the vivisection labs, then the issue should be reexamined.   Until then, the annual "dog labs" should continue to be a part of the curriculum at the university. Notes 1. "A Terminal Learning Environment."   Washington Post, 5 November 1999: 7. 2. "Terminal." 3. "Terminal." 4. Dave Curtin, "Protesters Greet Med Students: Annual CU Lab Uses Anesthetized Canines."   Denver Post, 11 March 2000: 1. 5. Curtin. 6. "Terminal."

Don Quxiote :: essays research papers

Don Quixote: Renaissance humor with a modern translation A Spanish knight, about fifty years of age, gave himself up so entirely to reading the romances of chivalry, that in the end they turned his brain, and nothing would satisfy him but that he must ride abroad on his old horse, armed with spear and helmet, a knight-errant, to encounter all adventures, and to redress the innumerable wrongs of the world. As is the case in this epic tale by Cervantes, modern man is not immune to prolonged sustained suggestion. All irony criticizes the imperfect ideas and theories of mankind, not by substituting for them other ideas and other theories, less imperfect, but by placing the facts of life, in mute comment, alongside of the theories. To be put in a more tangible sense, after addressing a subject matter over a sustained period of time one is apt to view them selves in the same light as the character of which they are enamored by. It plagues the news as high school children take arms and seek vengeance inside schools today. As the Scapegoat they place the blame on television, violent movies, and video games. Theorists and psychologists say that the harsh and abrasive nature of movies like the Matrix and Rambo are absorbed into the maturing mind of adolescence and are seen as fact. As is the case in Don Quixote where our chivalric hero takes arms after reading one to many romance novels. Every one sees the irony of Don Quixote, and enjoys it in its more obvious forms. This absurd old gentleman, who tries to put his antiquated ideas into action in a busy, selfish, prosy world, is a figure of fun even to the meanest intelligence. But, with more thought, there comes a check to our frivolity. Is it possible that the criticism is double-edged, and that what we are celebrating with our laughter is the failure of the world? But, Don Quixote, it may be objected, is mad.

The Hazard of Bulglarly Essay -- Papers

The Hazard of Bulglarly The hazard of burglary has significant impacts on people and the environment in which they live, and these can be identified easily. Consequently this hazard can be prevented and/ or managed effectively. A hazard is an event that affects or threatens people or property. Burglary is a common, frequently occurring hazard. Burglary is the unauthorised entry into a building as a trespasser in order to steal. An offence of burglary is recorded by the police if a person enters any building as a trespasser with intent to commit an offence of theft, rape, GBH, or unlawful damage. Burglary does not necessarily involve forced entry. The 2001 British Crime Survey (BSC) estimates that there were a total of 1,063,000 burglaries against domestic properties in the year 2000. The majority of burglaries occur in urban areas and are less frequent in rural areas. Burglary has many different types of impacts on people and the surrounding environment, these are not always easy to identify as people are reluctant to admit any emotional upset, especially males. One of these impacts is the cost of burglary. The mean cost of burglary in 1998 was  £1416. The factors that affect this cost the most are property stolen, damage to inside of property and damage to outside of property. Burglary also increases the cost of the individuals home insurance and if the problem is reoccurring the insurance premiums for the whole area will increase as a result of this. The most common goods to be stolen are electrical goods and cash, one of the main effects of burg... ...vents per dwelling in the SBD sample of 660. Finally marking property with a pen which can be read under ultraviolet light is an effective way of increasing the chance that stolen property may be returned to the owner if recovered by the police. Simple common mistakes are also a cause of burglary which can easily be prevented such as having large amounts of cash on display or within the property, leaving car keys on display and leaving doors unlocked. These can easily be avoided and will prevent a sneak-in burglar from easily removing expensive property such as cars. Overall burglary is a common problem which can be managed and even prevented by spending a small amount of money on security devices such as a burglar alarm and strong door locks. Increasing awareness of the problem also decreases burglary numbers.

The Image of Nursing

The Image of Nursing Dawn Davis Texas A&M University-Texarkana The Image of Nursing Following is a discussion of the image of nursing and professional identity. Factors contributing to nursing image and the effects of nursing image are included. The Image of Nursing What is the professional identity, or the image of nursing? How does the public view this hardworking profession? Do they understand what a nurse does? Do they understand the thought processes involved in caring for patients. Do they understand the knowledge involved in critical thinking?Do they have any idea that we formulate plans of care and that we put together nursing diagnosis with treatment plans, nursing interventions, expected outcomes? Do they understand that we are their advocates? Do they understand that all care is channeled through nursing and that we are their main defense for patient safety? Are we professionals in the eyes of the public, and in our own eyes? For my own research on this paper, I randomly q uizzed ten people that I met in public, not people that knew me personally. I asked them what they thought of nurses, and asked them to give me some adjectives to describe nurses in general.Some of the positive responses that I received were; kind, caring, cool, they help the doctors, they take care of patients, outstanding, knew what they were doing, they saved my life, and excellent. I also received some negatives. One person told me that they knew one nurse that was totally uncaring, unprofessional, and mean. Another individual told me that many years ago her son, who passed away, was HIV positive and she felt that the nurses neglected him because of his diagnosis. I was appalled at the negative answers, and somewhat disappointed with the positives.While the positives that I received were all fantastic traits, not one person mentioned traits such as educated or professional. My very limited random research was completely in line with the findings in our text book, Professional Is sues in Nursing. So, it would seem that, in general, the public doesn’t completely understand the wide scope of nursing. They understand some of the basic functions of nursing. The few random individuals that I spoke with based their perceptions mainly on personal past experiences with nurses. Nursing Image What is Nursing Image?This is a concept that needs more clarification and study to increase nurse’s awareness of factors that affect public perception. â€Å"Understanding the moral values in today’s nursing practice will help nurses to work together with a common comprehension of their aims. This should also allow greater appreciation of the practice of nursing highlighting the equal importance of both fundamental basic nursing care and the advanced clinical roles† (Horton, Tschudin, & Forget, 2007) Nursing image also affects the decision to enter nursing as a profession, to remain in nursing, and to encourage others to become a nurse.A broad definiti on is â€Å"Nursing Image is a multidimensional, all-inclusive, paradoxical, dynamic, and complex concept. † (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) To further define: * All-inclusive and paradoxical refers to both stereotypical and professional image. * Dynamic includes the changing view of nursing as a profession. * Complex, because many factors influence the formation of the image. Factors affecting Nursing Image Many factors combine to influence the image of nursing as a profession.Some of The factors include media, poor communication and visibility, clothing style, the nurses’ behaviors, gender issues, and professional organizations. (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) * Media- Historically media has not painted a very professional image of nursing, although, recently this has improved to portray a more capable, independent, strong, intelligent individual. * Poor communication and invisibility- Nursing is an invisible profession and this is a major threat to nursing’s social status and perceived value.It is believed that since nursing is mostly female, that there is poor communication with media and reporters. Nurses also somewhat reluctant to share knowledge, experience, expertise, competence, and intelligence to change portrayal in the media. (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) * Clothing style- Appearance is the first thing a person notices. A professional uniform that also defines them from other disciplines increases professionalism. * Nurses’ behaviors- Some believe that the nurse is not identified as professional individual, we refer to the physician as Dr. ___, and the nurse is known by the first name. Different levels of nursing education do the same job; this may devalue nursing as an intellectual profession. Nurses with negative image of nursing may also project that to others. â€Å"Self-image shapes behavior and performance in the workplace and affects how we think and act. † (Fletc her, 2007) * Gender issues- Generally nursing is viewed as a female dominated profession. Men are normally viewed as having positions of power. Women are thought of as caring, more emotional and less aggressive than men.This gender stereotype tends to limit the number of males recruited and retained in nursing. (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) * Professional organizations-Globally, there are 14 million nurses. Nurses are the largest group of health professionals in the world. Unfortunately, there is limited unity. Involvement in professional organizations, and standing together on issues is important in changing nursing image and increasing professional identity. (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) Effects of Nursing Image on NursingOne very important effect of public misunderstanding of the profession of nursing and the knowledge and skill required is a limited number of potential candidates for the future of nursing. Thirty years ago a significant number of young people would have chosen to be a nurse when they grow up, less than 5% of students responded so in a 2004 study. (Huston, Professional Issues in Nursing, 2010) Another important factor is that inaccurate nursing stereotypes may have a negative effect on the self-esteem f nursing as a whole. Both of these factors combined lead to increase in nursing shortage, short-staffing, heavy workload, job dissatisfaction, and burn-out. This can lead to current nurses leaving the profession. In general, nurses’ image of nursing tends to be better than that of the public. This is related to the fact that nurses are educated about the profession. I also asked several Registered Nurses to give adjectives to describe nursing.I received responses such as; educated, professional, critical thinkers, overworked, advocates, compassionate, unappreciated, caring, researchers, knowledgeable, multitasker, empathetic, thorough, supportive, educators, and leaders. Many changes need to be made to c hange the image of nursing in public view. Nurses must be heard in the media. Nurses must speak positively about their profession. The public needs to be educated about the profession of nursing. Nurses should act, perform, and dress like professionals. Nurses should actively encourage bright individuals to join the profession.Current nurses should positively socialize nursing students, and new nurses, acting as optimistic and confident mentors, sharing their expertise. Nurses should join and be active in professional organizations, to increase unity, and be active in the political processes. Imagine the strength and respect nursing would command if half of the nurses joined. In summary, the image of nursing needs to be changed for the better. Change starts with the profession itself. Every nurse should take accountability to make these positive changes through action, involvement, education, and behavior.Bibliography Fletcher, K. (2007). Image: changing how women nurses think about themselves. The Author, 207-215. Horton, K. , Tschudin, V. , & Forget, A. (2007). The Value of Nursing: A Literature Review. Sage Publication. Huston, C. J. (2010). Professional Issues in Nursing (second ed. ). (H. Surrena, Ed. ) Philadelphia, PA, USA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rezaei-Adaryani, M. , Salsali, M. , & Mohammadi, E. (2012, December). Nursing Image: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis. Contemporary Nurse, 81-89.